省略现象漫谈
省略在语言中是一种普遍现象。本文将英语中常见的省略现象作了归纳,以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。
一、简单句中的省略。
1.省略主语。在对话中,交谈双方均知谈论对象,可将句子的主语省略。如:
Looks like rain.(省略了主语It)
Hope to hear from you.(省略了主语I)
2.省略主语和谓语。这种现象在交际用语当中出现较多。如:
Feeling better today?芽(省略了主语和谓语Are you)
二、并列句中的省略。
在并列句中,相同的成分如主语、谓语、宾语等均可省略。如:
My father planned and built all these houses. (built 前省略my father)
John won the first race and Jim the second. (Jim后省略 won， second后省略 race)
三、复合句中的省略。
1.定语从句中的省略。
That’s the reason (why) he came.
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talks.
2.状语从句中的省略。
If (water is) heated, water will boil.
Tom was attacked by cramp while (he was) swimming across the river.
We’ll go to help you if (it is) necessary.
Had I time (=If I had time), I would come.
I’ll go, should it be necessary (=if it should be necessary).
3.宾语从句中的省略。
如果宾语从句中的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词相同,可将从句中的动词省略。如:
We will do what we can (do) to help you.
四、不定式的省略。
在不定式结构中,为了避免重复,常省略不定式符号to后的实义动词。
1. 在glad, ready, happy 等形容词后常可省略不定式符号to后的实义动词。如:
— Would you like to go with us?
— I’m glad to (go), but I have to finish my homework.
2. 在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, hope to, be going to 等结构中,常可省略不定式符号to后的实义动词。如:
He doesn’t get up early as he used to (get up early).
I’ll hand it in if I have to (hand it in).
3. tell, warn, order, advise, ask等动词后接不定式结构作宾语补足语时,常可省略不定式符号to后的实义动词。如:
He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to (swim across the river).
巩固性练习:
从A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
1. — Why didn’t you come to Mike’s birthday party yesterday?
— Well, I_____, but I forgot it.
A. should B. must C. should have D. must have
2. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine ______.
A. like directed B. to be directed
C. as directed D. so that directed
3. You may take them all home ______.
A. if possible B. if so
C. unless so D. even if you can
4. — You seem to have lost your way. ______?
— I’m looking for Wangfujing Street.
A. What for B. Need help
C. Why so D. Where to
5. This is an illness that can result in total blindness if ______.
A. to leave untreated B. left untreated
C. leaving untreated D. is left untreated
Key:
1-5 CCABB
省略在语言中是一种普遍现象。本文将英语中常见的省略现象作了归纳,以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。
一、简单句中的省略。
1.省略主语。在对话中,交谈双方均知谈论对象,可将句子的主语省略。如:
Looks like rain.(省略了主语It)
Hope to hear from you.(省略了主语I)
2.省略主语和谓语。这种现象在交际用语当中出现较多。如:
Feeling better today?芽(省略了主语和谓语Are you)
二、并列句中的省略。
在并列句中,相同的成分如主语、谓语、宾语等均可省略。如:
My father planned and built all these houses. (built 前省略my father)
John won the first race and Jim the second. (Jim后省略 won， second后省略 race)
三、复合句中的省略。
1.定语从句中的省略。
That’s the reason (why) he came.
I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talks.
2.状语从句中的省略。
If (water is) heated, water will boil.
Tom was attacked by cramp while (he was) swimming across the river.
We’ll go to help you if (it is) necessary.
Had I time (=If I had time), I would come.
I’ll go, should it be necessary (=if it should be necessary).
3.宾语从句中的省略。
如果宾语从句中的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词相同,可将从句中的动词省略。如:
We will do what we can (do) to help you.
四、不定式的省略。
在不定式结构中,为了避免重复,常省略不定式符号to后的实义动词。
1. 在glad, ready, happy 等形容词后常可省略不定式符号to后的实义动词。如:
— Would you like to go with us?
— I’m glad to (go), but I have to finish my homework.
2. 在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, hope to, be going to 等结构中,常可省略不定式符号to后的实义动词。如:
He doesn’t get up early as he used to (get up early).
I’ll hand it in if I have to (hand it in).
3. tell, warn, order, advise, ask等动词后接不定式结构作宾语补足语时,常可省略不定式符号to后的实义动词。如:
He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to (swim across the river).
巩固性练习:
从A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
1. — Why didn’t you come to Mike’s birthday party yesterday?
— Well, I_____, but I forgot it.
A. should B. must C. should have D. must have
2. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine ______.
A. like directed B. to be directed
C. as directed D. so that directed
3. You may take them all home ______.
A. if possible B. if so
C. unless so D. even if you can
4. — You seem to have lost your way. ______?
— I’m looking for Wangfujing Street.
A. What for B. Need help
C. Why so D. Where to
5. This is an illness that can result in total blindness if ______.
A. to leave untreated B. left untreated
C. leaving untreated D. is left untreated
Key:
1-5 CCABB
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