一．三种基本形态（1）
表虚拟的时间 if从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
现在： did / were would (should, might, could)+do
过去： had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)
将来： were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do
三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出）
与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book.
与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.
与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.
If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.
二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式）
Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.
Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.
Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.
三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）
(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)
If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.
(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)
If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake. 四、含蓄虚拟句（在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点，但在阅读中常见）
But for their help, I would not have finished the task.
But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.
Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test
五、跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟） (but)
He would put on weight, but he doesn't eat much. (与现在事实相反)
He would have put on weight, but he didn't eat much. (与过去事实相反)
(or, or else, otherwise)
I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. (与现在事实相反)
Mary couldn't have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去事实相反) .
六、名词从句虚拟语气
(1) ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形, eg. I suggest / suggested that we (should) go tomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气
(2) It is +(形容词/过去分词/特定名词)+that的从句中，形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。形容词：astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital等。名词从句虚拟语气
(3) 过去分词：decided, desired, demanded, ordered, requested, recommended, suggested等;名词：advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, idea, order等
七、其它虚拟语气
Wish…
I wish I knew the answer.(与现在事实相反)
I wish I had known the answer. (与过去事实相反)
I wish you would shut up. (与将来事实相反)
If only…
If only I were taller. (与现在事实相反)
If only he had followed your advice! (与过去事实相反)
If only the rain would stop. (与将来事实相反)
It is (high/about) time…
It is time you thought about your future.
would rather…
I would rather you didn’t speak rudely to her. (与现在事实相反)
I’d rather you hadn’t spoken rudely to her. (与过去事实相反)
Lest…, in case…, for fear that…（引导的是目的状语从句，但可归入第六点(名词从句虚拟)，这是因它们答案特征相同，即 (should)+动词原形。eg.
He took his umbrella lest it should rain.
大学英语虚拟语气考题总结:答案的特征
1.(should)+动词原形(一般式/被动式/否定式)记住信号词（名词，动词，形容词，分词等）以及lest.
2. 一般过去时：wish/If only…/would rather/It’s time (high/about) that….
3.基本形式（主要考与过去和将来相反的虚拟语气）,特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚拟)
4.倒装的两个时间：与过去，与将来相反；三个形式(Had/Were/Should)提前大写，if省去；
5.but/or/or else/otherwise(跳层虚拟语气)
其他词汇：consent（同意）、maintain（主张）、move（提议）、urge（极力主张）、vote（提议）等
例句：I recommend that you be diligent if you want to pass the exam．如果你们想考试及格，我劝你们勤奋学习。
特别提示：在复习时，可以把相似用法归类记忆。当一个动词后面的宾语从句中应使用（should）＋do的虚拟语气形式时，则可推理出用法相同的以下一组从句（以动词advise为例）：
（1）I advise that we stay and wait here．（动词后的宾语从句）
（2）It is advised that we stay here．（It is ＋动词的过去分词＋that引导的主语从句）
（3）It is advisable that we stay here．（It is ＋由该动词派生的形容词＋that引导的主语从句）
（4）My advice is that we stay here．（由该动词转换的名词后面的表语从句）
5）I offered the advice that we stay here．（由该动词转换的名词后面的同位语从句）
。 （6）I think it advisable that we stay here．（由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气）
以上六类从句中谓语动词都使用了should ＋do的虚拟语气形式，其中，should可以省略。
由上类动词派生的常考名词有：advice（忠告）、deciion（决定）、demand（要求）、desire（渴望）、order（命令）、 preference（偏爱）、proposal（建议）、recommendation（劝告）、requirement（要求）、suggestion（建议）等。
相关的形容词或过去分词有：advisable（合理的）、 desired（期望的）、desirable（合乎需要的）、insistent（坚持的）、ordered（命令的）、preferable（更可取的）、proposed（建议的）、required（要求的）、urgent（紧迫的）等。
例句：His proposal is that we turn off TV for half an hour every day．（表语从句）他建议我们每天少看半个小时的电视。
It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college．（主语从句）急需为这所大学任命一位新校长
表虚拟的时间 if从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
现在： did / were would (should, might, could)+do
过去： had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)
将来： were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do
三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出）
与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book.
与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.
与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.
If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.
二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式）
Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.
Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.
Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.
三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）
(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)
If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.
(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)
If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake. 四、含蓄虚拟句（在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点，但在阅读中常见）
But for their help, I would not have finished the task.
But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.
Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test
五、跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟） (but)
He would put on weight, but he doesn't eat much. (与现在事实相反)
He would have put on weight, but he didn't eat much. (与过去事实相反)
(or, or else, otherwise)
I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. (与现在事实相反)
Mary couldn't have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去事实相反) .
六、名词从句虚拟语气
(1) ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形, eg. I suggest / suggested that we (should) go tomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气
(2) It is +(形容词/过去分词/特定名词)+that的从句中，形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。形容词：astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital等。名词从句虚拟语气
(3) 过去分词：decided, desired, demanded, ordered, requested, recommended, suggested等;名词：advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, idea, order等
七、其它虚拟语气
Wish…
I wish I knew the answer.(与现在事实相反)
I wish I had known the answer. (与过去事实相反)
I wish you would shut up. (与将来事实相反)
If only…
If only I were taller. (与现在事实相反)
If only he had followed your advice! (与过去事实相反)
If only the rain would stop. (与将来事实相反)
It is (high/about) time…
It is time you thought about your future.
would rather…
I would rather you didn’t speak rudely to her. (与现在事实相反)
I’d rather you hadn’t spoken rudely to her. (与过去事实相反)
Lest…, in case…, for fear that…（引导的是目的状语从句，但可归入第六点(名词从句虚拟)，这是因它们答案特征相同，即 (should)+动词原形。eg.
He took his umbrella lest it should rain.
大学英语虚拟语气考题总结:答案的特征
1.(should)+动词原形(一般式/被动式/否定式)记住信号词（名词，动词，形容词，分词等）以及lest.
2. 一般过去时：wish/If only…/would rather/It’s time (high/about) that….
3.基本形式（主要考与过去和将来相反的虚拟语气）,特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚拟)
4.倒装的两个时间：与过去，与将来相反；三个形式(Had/Were/Should)提前大写，if省去；
5.but/or/or else/otherwise(跳层虚拟语气)
其他词汇：consent（同意）、maintain（主张）、move（提议）、urge（极力主张）、vote（提议）等
例句：I recommend that you be diligent if you want to pass the exam．如果你们想考试及格，我劝你们勤奋学习。
特别提示：在复习时，可以把相似用法归类记忆。当一个动词后面的宾语从句中应使用（should）＋do的虚拟语气形式时，则可推理出用法相同的以下一组从句（以动词advise为例）：
（1）I advise that we stay and wait here．（动词后的宾语从句）
（2）It is advised that we stay here．（It is ＋动词的过去分词＋that引导的主语从句）
（3）It is advisable that we stay here．（It is ＋由该动词派生的形容词＋that引导的主语从句）
（4）My advice is that we stay here．（由该动词转换的名词后面的表语从句）
5）I offered the advice that we stay here．（由该动词转换的名词后面的同位语从句）
。 （6）I think it advisable that we stay here．（由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气）
以上六类从句中谓语动词都使用了should ＋do的虚拟语气形式，其中，should可以省略。
由上类动词派生的常考名词有：advice（忠告）、deciion（决定）、demand（要求）、desire（渴望）、order（命令）、 preference（偏爱）、proposal（建议）、recommendation（劝告）、requirement（要求）、suggestion（建议）等。
相关的形容词或过去分词有：advisable（合理的）、 desired（期望的）、desirable（合乎需要的）、insistent（坚持的）、ordered（命令的）、preferable（更可取的）、proposed（建议的）、required（要求的）、urgent（紧迫的）等。
例句：His proposal is that we turn off TV for half an hour every day．（表语从句）他建议我们每天少看半个小时的电视。
It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college．（主语从句）急需为这所大学任命一位新校长
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